The Pre-Med Student’s Guide to Shadowing a Doctor

Shadowing a doctor refers to time spent observing a clinician as they see patients, perform procedures, etc. While you may be familiar with what a doctor does by your personal experience at the doctor’s office, or while being hospitalized, the opportunity to shadow a professional gives you a close-up behind-the-scenes look at the clinical experience. This may include intimate patient interactions and learning about the roles of others who interact with the physician.   Not all schools require reported shadowing from applicants. However, shadowing experiences can be very unique and worth the time and effort. Shadowing gives a glimpse into the everyday experience of a physician and familiarizes you with the clinic or hospital setting. This experience may differ depending on who you shadow, where you shadow, and when you choose to shadow. Learn tips on finding the right doctor to shadow, what to expect, and how to make the most of your shadowing experience. Finding a Doctor to Shadow In preparing for your shadowing experience, the first task is to find the right doctor to shadow. Consider following these preliminary steps: Do Your Research Research different specialties that interest you. Have you always been interested in women’s health? Does the idea of a fast-paced, dynamic environment like the emergency room intrigue you? Additionally, look into the different environments where your shadowing experience can take place. For instance, will you be observing in a big, teaching hospital among medical students, residents, and fellows—or in a small community clinic? Make a Connection Now that you have become familiar with medical specialties and practice environments, it is time to make the connection with a doctor to shadow.   Utilize your own resources. Your primary care doctor, professors, or other mentors may  help to connect you with someone within your scope of interest. Consider mentor programs, pre-med programs, and pre-health sciences clubs at your university. It is possible that these groups may have connections to several doctors and hospitals in the area who enjoy showing pre-med students around. You can also try reaching out to a local physician by cold calling the office of interest. In the initial email or phone conversation, begin by introducing yourself, making sure to include your name, major, and the school you attend. Let the person know how you obtained their contact information. Then, explain why you are interested in shadowing them. Try contacting one  physician at a time, and do not be afraid to send a kind, follow-up email if you do not receive a response within a week. Set a Time Once you are able to connect with the physician, start to brainstorm times that will work best with their schedule. Depending on the setting, and even day, the length of time you spend shadowing the physician can vary. You may plan to shadow for two to three hours at a time for a couple days throughout the week, or even plan to shadow the doctor for a full day on one occasion. Shadowing can take a good chunk of time out of the day, so it might work best with your schedule to plan to shadow over a holiday or summer break. Depending on the institution and patient population, you may need to complete a background check and additional paperwork.   What to Expect When Shadowing Think of a shadowing experience as a unique version of a lecture. A typical shadowing experience will involve quite a bit of time observing and listening. You will likely follow the physician around, from room to room, as they see their patients for the day. If the patient agrees, you will get a chance to be in the room during an otherwise private conversation between the patient and the physician. You will likely stand, or sit, just to the periphery so as to not interfere in the interaction between the patient and physician.   Pay attention to the subtle interactions between the patient and the doctor, like body language and tone. These cues provide important lessons. You might even have a brief moment of interaction with the patient, but this should be prompted by the physician or patient.  Although you are present primarily for observation, the physician may engage you during the visit or afterwards to explain the patient’s case. Also, do not be afraid to ask the physician questions, preferably after the patient is gone.   You will be interacting with various people, including patients and other medical staff, so it is important to dress professionally. The clinic or hospital might have a dress code for volunteers or students who are shadowing. Typically, students who shadow dress in business casual professional attire. Dress pants and a blouse or dress shirt are appropriate. Some students opt to wear ties as well, but a blazer or sport coat is unnecessary. Wear comfortable, closed-toe shoes that will allow you to stand for extended periods of time, as necessary. If you are completely unsure of what to wear on your day of shadowing, it is okay to ask the physician you will be shadowing for some pointers.   Tips for a Successful Shadowing Experience   Now that you understand ways to arrange an optimal shadowing experience, and what to expect while shadowing, keep in mind the following four tips for a successful and informative shadowing experience: Prepare It is not a bad idea to get familiar with the specialty you will be shadowing before the big day. It might help to look up the physician you will be shadowing for information on the education they obtained to be in their specialty. Your preparation should give you great questions to ask during your shadowing day and will help you to understand the path you might take to follow in their steps. Take Notes Leave your phone tucked away and have a notebook handy instead. Between patient visits, jot notes of interesting things you observe or any questions you may want to ask the physician or look into at a later time. You might also want to write a short summary of your shadowing experience at the end of the day, noting who, where, and for how long you shadowed. This might come in useful during your application and interview process. Ask Questions Questions, questions, questions! Be inquisitive about what you are observing. The shadowing experience is a learning experience. If you are unsure, or better yet, if you would like to know more, feel free to ask. Physicians usually enjoy teaching, both patients and students. Questions also show you are paying attention and engaged. Just be mindful of the appropriate time to ask them, and don’t interrupt the physician-patient interaction. Maintain the Relationship After the experience, it is always appropriate to write a thank you note to the person who gave you an opportunity to learn from them. Make sure to follow up with the physician and consider maintaining a longer-term professional relationship with them. They may be willing to help you find other physicians to shadow, may be a contact for a letter of recommendation, or may be a great resource for ongoing advice as you continue your journey into medicine. Conclusion A successful shadowing experience is an exciting step in learning if a career in medicine is right for you. Your time observing and interacting with patients can help give you ideas of what interests you and drives you towards this particular field. It may also steer you away from areas of medicine or practice environments that don’t appeal to you. Shadowing is a fun learning opportunity that will give you a close-up of a particular specialty and the intimate interactions between a patient and a physician that are a foundation to the profession.   Source Association of American Medical Colleges. Shadowing a Doctor.

Descartes Vs. Descartes s Theory Of Certainty - 1852 Words

As one of the greatest philosophers in history, Renà © Descartes tackles the daunting task of ensuring what is truly certain in life using a systemic thinking process known as methodological doubt in his Meditations on First Philosophy. In order to determine what is absolutely certain, Descartes concludes that the foundation which even reality sits upon is not firm since most of what contributed to its certainty is based on sensory perception. However, Descartes proves that even the senses can be deceiving. After stripping away all of reality, including his own existence, Descartes comes to the conclusion that the only certainty in life is thinking itself and, in turn, states, I am, I exist, as his certainty of his own existence†¦show more content†¦In another text of his, Descartes states famously that, I think, therefore I am, (Cogito, ergo sum) which he reasoned from doubting everything (Who Said). He was trying to discover the main foundation of reality that contains de finite facts that cannot be deferred at all when doubted and thinking was a process that, as he concluded, could not be doubted unlike things such as the senses or dreaming his own existence. Thinking was virtually involuntary yet remained practical despite all odds. As he tries to accomplish finding the truth, he seems to question everything he should in order to break down every aspect of life; however, he offers some of his own thoughts that contradict some of the claims he eventually makes. Either way, Descartes uses concepts, such as the Wax Argument, to express the practicality of pure intellection in every human mind that is used without inferences of any kind and his he describes at the kind of thought that is undeniable certain beyond all doubt. Even though Descartes s purpose and methodology were clear, his conclusions wholesomely were not. Skepticism of Descartes s work had a major resurgence and scholars of all kinds began breaking part his cogito theory to what ideals were true or false as well as any flaws that not many notice in Descartes claims. One scholar researches the criticisms on others, while including his own, to tryShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 PagesLocke’s theory of ideas – the basic principles of empiricism and the spirit behind it; Locke’s theory of the origin and types of ideas and the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. 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Motion to suppress qrant or denial Free Essays

â€Å"Search and seizure law is drawn primarily from the Fourth Amendment, which has been called the most ambiguous of the 10 amendments that make up the Bill of Rights. â€Å" (McWhirter, 1994, pg 1) The extent to which police may stop and frisk suspicious people who are in public and may be armed and dangerous has been of issue in many cases, (e.g. We will write a custom essay sample on Motion to suppress qrant or denial or any similar topic only for you Order Now Terry v. Ohio.)   The defendant was convicted of carrying a concealed weapon.   The court ruled that police may stop and frisk such people without probable cause if the police have a reasonable suspicion that the people pose a threat to public safety. The opinion of the Court., â€Å"This case presents serious questions concerning the role of the Fourth Amendment in the confrontation on the street between the citizen and the policeman investigating suspicious circumstances,† (McWhirter, 1994, pg 60).   However in our case involving the possession of an illegal substance, the seizure was not a follow up to a search incident of a lawful arrest. â€Å"Constitutional flaws in the methods used to arrest, search, and interrogate may be uncovered, and the defense attorney can also establish a basis for a motion to suppress and therefore bar crucial evidence from a subsequent trial.† (Bamberger 1972, PG 119) The â€Å"War on Drugs† has led to the development of aggressive or innovative, depending on your point of view, police tactics.   The Supreme Court has developed three broad categorizations addressing the â€Å"encounters† between citizens and police.   Overall intent is to protect the right of the citizens to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures.   â€Å"The Constitution does not permit police officers, without probable cause or reasonable suspicion, to restrain the liberty of American citizens.† (Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 19 n. 16 (1968.) Granted in a police department, law enforcement officials must simultaneously respond to a myriad of situations. An officer may enter the residence to find no burglar or any other person and numerous marijuana plants belonging to the absent homeowner.   As in either of these cases, happen stance yields an illegal product. Generally, officers must make their initial warrant-less entry into the home or commercial building immediately after realizing an emergency is at hand. Under some circumstances though, courts have allowed police to delay their initial entry. â€Å"In these cases, police may be facing either an ongoing emergency, such as a kidnapping, or gathering facts to determine whether assistance is truly needed, such as in a missing persons case. If there is a reasonable explanation for the officer’s delay, the entry, even though delayed, will most likely be construed as lawful under the emergency exception.† (10th Cir. 1994) (9th Cir. 1986) Sam Wardlow, a â€Å"middle-aged African-American male,† was standing in front of a building holding a bag†¦he ran before an arrest was made and a gun was confiscated. â€Å"Should running from police in â€Å"high crime areas† be viewed differently from running from police in â€Å"low crime areas†? If so, are there various shades of Fourth Amendment protections throughout the country, depending upon which neighborhood you live in?† (Slade, 1999, pg. 86) An additional indirect case that correlates the two â€Å"passenger† example, a defendant’s motions to suppress confiscated drugs, State v. Kaluna, was granted on the ground that it had been illegally seized. The state supreme court affirmed this suppression order.   Following an arrest for robbery, â€Å"the defendant was told to strip for a search. She then reached into her brassiere and pulled out a piece of folded tissue. Handing it to the matron, she claimed that this was all that she had. The matron unfolded the tissue and found a barbiturate. â€Å"(Friedelbaum, 1988, pg 134) District court judge Santiago Campos granted motion to suppress (U.S. v. Zapata (1992, 1993) the physical evidence and statements. This ruling exemplifies the two â€Å"passenger† cases fact for fact.   The initial encounter between the passengers and the narcotics agent was â€Å"an involuntary and nonconsensual seizure† in violation of the Fourth Amendment. â€Å"In a public compartment on an Amtrak train with his wife and infant son†¦DEA Special Agent boarded the train†¦ identified himself as a police officer, blocked Zapata’s egress from his seat, and asked if he could search Zapata’s bags, Zapata seemed to agree. Zapata stood up, took down the bags, and opened them†¦several kilograms of cocaine.†Ã‚   (Renteln, 2004, pg 91) For the press, it is one of the most difficult situations, a hearing on a motion to suppress evidence.   â€Å"If the report of a confession reaches them, trial delays are almost certain. If the defense asks for a change of venue the judge will be put under additional strain, particularly if he decides to go ahead with the jury selection process.† (Gerald, 1983 pg. 51) Reference(s) Darien A. McWhirter, Publication Year: 1994. Search, Seizure and Privacy.Contributors: Publisher: Oryx Press. Place of Publication: Phoenix. Page Number: 1. Darien A. McWhirter. Publication Year: 1994. Search, Seizure and Privacy. Contributors: TERRY v. OHIO, MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN, Publisher: Oryx Press. Place of Publication: Phoenix.. Page Number: 60. Richard Bamberger, Publication Year: 1972, Justice Is the Crime: Pretrial Delay in Felony Cases. Contributors: – Lewis Katz – author, Lawrence Litwin – author. Publisher: Press of Case Western Reserve University. Place of Publication:Cleveland, OH.. Page Number: 119. Florida v. Bostick, 1968 Washington, 151 F.3d at 1357 (citing 501 U.S. 429, 439 (1991); Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 19 n. 16 ( (112.) Washington, 151 F.3d at 1357. (656) See United States v. Bute, 43 F. 3d 531, 537-39 (10th Cir. 1994)stressing importance of â€Å"immediacy† requirement). (657) See, e.g., U.S. v. Echegoyen 799 F.2d 1271 (9th Cir. 1986) (court upheld warrantless entry under exigent circumstances despite the fact that officers were on the premises for approximately two and one-half to three hours before they entered the home). David C. Slade, Publication Date: December 1999, Run! It’s the Cops!: Police Protector or Enemy in High Crime Neighborhoods. Contributors: – author. Magazine Title: World and I. Volume: 14. Issue: 12.. Page Number: 86. COPYRIGHT 1999 News World Communications, Inc.; COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group Stanley H. Friedelbaum, Publication Year: 1988, Human Rights in the States: New Directions in Constitutional Policymaking. Contributors: – editor. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: New York.. Page Number: 134. Alison Dundes Renteln, Publication Year: 2004, The Cultural Defense. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York.. Page Number: 91. J. Edward Gerald, Publication Year: 1983 News of Crime: courts and Press in Conflict. Contributors: – author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT.. Page Number: 51. How to cite Motion to suppress qrant or denial, Essay examples

An Effective Teacher free essay sample

The qualities that define an effective teacher are very complex in my opinion. Everyone seems to have different ideas as to what the key indicators are. They range from; professionalism, communication, professional development, managing, guiding and strategies. There are even those of the opinion that it doesn’t matter what you do, children will always learn. However I have chosen professionalism as I believe that it is an essential attribute to being an effective teacher. Professionalism is defined by Merriam-Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"Characterised by or conforming to the technical or ethical standard of one’s profession. (Belcher). In order to gain and preserve the respect and trust of students, parents and colleagues alike and to provide students with the best education possible it is important to demonstrate professional conduct and practice. The guidelines for professionalism in the teaching profession are provided by Code of Ethics, National Profession al Standards for Teachers and Duty of Care. We will write a custom essay sample on An Effective Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These define the â€Å"what†. The key however is being or acting professional, this is the â€Å"how†, the effectiveness of a teacher. This is the true measure of professionalism. Some of the primary demonstrable characteristics or attributes of a professional teacher are communication, morals and ethics and professional development. Communication is an essential aspect in education, the means to send and receive clear messages to and from students, teachers, parents and community members. It establishes positive and effective relationships and connections with the involved parties. Communication can be in many forms namely verbal, non-verbal or written and used by teachers to constantly impart new knowledge or important information. The ability for teachers to apply the characteristics of good and effective communication in all its forms, to a diverse audience with different backgrounds and interests and to minimise the barriers, for example noise, misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the messages are the makings of an effective teacher. In the article by Prozesky, he states that the most effectual way to overcome these barriers is to have two-way communication with regular feedback provided by the receivers. Professional ethics is not achieved by only purely applying the ethical codes of practice nor professional standards which embody the core principles but by also applying professional skills and personal skills (caring and nurturing) and ethical behaviour in the form of attitude, intention, words, acknowledgement, respect (inside and outside of the classroom), fairness and equity with regards to individual circumstances, colour, creed, age, social-economic status, to name a few. Brock (1998) says that when dealing with ethics and professional standards there are two questions to ask; what should one do and what one should not do, what is right and what is wrong and what is appropriate and what is inappropriate. These questions result in a number of ethical dilemmas that face the teacher such as truth versus loyalty, individual versus community and religion versus morals. Early Childhood Australia has published a guide to help teachers deal with every day ethical dilemmas. According to Marsh (2010) ethical decisions have been categorised into five different levels of decision making. Open decision making, limited decision making, decisions made by the teacher, security seeking (delegation) and avoidance. Several ethical relationships exist within the dynamics of a school environment; these include ethical relationship between the teacher and the education system for example, the education system restricts teachers on what they should teach. The teacher and the principal, an example being that the teacher and principal have different values and the principal’s values will over ride those of the teacher. The teacher and the students where the teacher develops emotional bonds with his or her students and there is a mutual respect between teacher and student. The third quality that defines an effective teacher is professional development. In order to be a good teacher you need to be a good learner too. The demands on teachers to find new ideas and forms of teaching are increasing. Teachers need to be innovative and therefore attend professional development days which will help them continuously enhance their competencies and provide their students with problem solving skills and advanced thinking thus elevating them to higher levels of achievement. The desire to expand their knowledge base, stay current and gain a broader exposure to information provides this opportunity. Through numerous examples it is clear how important communication, ethics and professional development are to professionalism. These attributes will help teachers to be more effective in imparting knowledge and wisdom to their students. All of these attributes will allow the students to really focus their energies on learning and engaging with their education. Even though all of the attributes are vital for effective teaching one must never forget that the purpose of effective teaching is â€Å"that teachers make a difference, (Boyd, 2009).